The numbers of cases and cause-specific deaths refer to data recorded in National Notifiable Disease Reporting System in China, which includes both clinically-diagnosed cases and laboratory-confirmed cases. Only reported cases of the 31 provincial-level administrative divisions in Chinese mainland are included in the table, whereas data of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macau Special Administrative Region, and Taiwan, China are not included. Monthly statistics are calculated without annual verification which is usually conducted in February of the next year for de-duplication and verification of reported cases in annual statistics. Therefore, 12-month cases could not be added together directly to calculate the cumulative cases because the individual information might be verified via National Notifiable Disease Reporting System according to information verification or field investigations by local CDCs.

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Seasonal Patterns:
The data provided clearly displays seasonal patterns in the number of cases and deaths in mainland China. During the winter months (December to February), there is a higher incidence of cases and deaths, while during the summer months (June to August), the numbers are lower. This consistent pattern is observed throughout the analyzed years.
Peak and Trough Periods:
The peak periods for both cases and deaths in mainland China occur during the winter months (December to February), exhibiting a significant increase compared to other months. Conversely, the trough periods, characterized by the lowest number of cases and deaths, are observed during the summer months (June to August).
Overall Trends:
Upon analyzing the data, it is evident that there has been a consistent increase in the number of cases and deaths in mainland China prior to July 2023. By comparing data from early years (2010-2013) to later years (2019-2023), a general upward trend can be observed, albeit with fluctuations and variations.
The seasonal patterns in mainland China reflect the influence of seasonal factors on disease transmission. During winter months, when individuals spend more time indoors and in close proximity, the transmission of diseases, including the analyzed cases, tends to be higher. Moreover, lower temperatures and decreased immune responses may contribute to the increased cases and deaths during this period.
The overall increasing trend in cases and deaths over the analyzed years can be attributed to various factors, including population growth, changes in reporting and surveillance systems, and evolving epidemiological dynamics. It is important to note that factors such as public health interventions, healthcare advancements, and population behavior can also impact the observed trends.
Monitoring and analyzing data on cases and deaths in mainland China is crucial for public health authorities to identify emerging patterns, understand the impact of interventions, and inform targeted public health measures for disease prevention and control.